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Trumai is an endangered language isolate of Brazil. Most Trumai are fluent in languages of wider communication, and children are not learning it well. ==Grammar== ;Phonology This inventory is atypical of Amazonian languages (Trumai is a recent immigrant to the Xingu basin) in its ejective consonants, the lateral fricative , and the alveolar–dental distinction. Guirardello, who specializes on Trumai, has presented varied inventories of these phonemes: Guirardello (1999a) lists /t̪ t̪' ts ts' s/ as dental, and /t t' d n l ɬ ɾ/ as alveolar; whereas Guirardello (1999b) lists only /t/ and /t'/ as alveolar. Younger speakers do not make the ejective distinction. The vocalic inventory is and . Syllable structure is maximally CVC, and stress always falls on the final syllable of a word. ;Morphology 1st-person/exclusive pronouns are formed in ''ha'', inclusive with ''ka'', 2nd person with ''hi'', and 3rd with ''in''. Dual number is indicated by the suffix ''-a'', and plural by ''-wan''. Masculine and feminine are distinguished in the 3rd person. Alienable possession is indicated by the suffix ''-kte'' or ''-kate'' on the possessor (''Kumaru-kte tahu'' "Kumaru's spoon"), and inalienable possession by juxtaposition (''dinoxo kuʃ'' "the girl's head", ''ha kuʃ'' "my head"). Suffixes are used to mark ergative (''-ts'' for 1sg, otherwise ''-ek/-ak''), dative, locative, allative, comitative, and instrumental case. ;Syntax Trumai is an ergative–absolutive language. Dative case is used for verbs such as 'eat', 'see', and 'talk with'. There are two verbs 'kill', one, ''-fa'', which takes a dative, and one, ''disi'', which takes the ergative. Constituent order is basically ergative-absolutive-verb-dative (SV, SVB, AOV, AOVB). Ergative and dative arguments, which are marked by postpositions, may occur on the other side of the verb, but for an absolutive to do this, it needs to be marked with ''ke''. Quantifiers and possessors occur before the noun, adjectives after. Causatives are doubly marked for ergative case: : :"Alaweru made me hit the child." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trumai language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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